* 用英语自身来理解和学习英语是最好的方式，《英读廊》是《满庭说英语》中的拓展阅读系列，这一系列的文章力求帮助大家在英语阅读能力上有所提升，并树立英语思维；* 推荐的阅读的方法是：先原文，适当看解析阅读，还有疑惑再看双语对照。* 解析中英语单词的音标使用Dictcom和IPA双音标标注，如果需要了解Dictcom音标，请参看我们的《dictionary.com所用的音标体系》一文。* 本篇文章难度系数7.7，由《小仙英语伴读》人工智能难度分析系统提供评分。

#英语#

#英语思维#

When you take cookies out of the oven they are so soft that if you move them too quickly they'll fall apart.【译】当你把饼干刚从烤箱里拿出来时，它们会很软，以至于如果你动作太猛，它们甚至会散开。【单词】cookies 原型：cookie ['koo?k-ee]['k?ki] n. 饼干

【单词】oven ['uhv-uh?n]['?vn] n. 烤箱；烤炉【单词】soft [sawft, soft][s?ft] adj. 柔软的；柔和的；温和的【单词】apart [uh-'pahrt][?'pɑ?t] adv. 相距；分开地；分别地

If you wait a couple minutes, they're much more stable.【译】但如果你等几分钟，它们会很快变硬。【单词】wait [weyt][we?t] v. 等；等待 n. 等待；等候【单词】stable ['stey-buhl]['ste?bl] adj. 稳定的；安定的；可靠的

What's happening in that two minutes?【译】那在这两分钟内发生了（导致饼干变硬）？【单词】happening 原型：happen ['hap-uhn]['h?p?n] vi. 发生；碰巧；出现；偶遇

Butter/fat cools and hardens.【译】黄油/油脂会变凉，并且变硬。【单词】cools 原型：cool [kool][ku?l] vt. (使)变凉；(使)冷却；(使)冷静 vi. 变凉【单词】harden ['hahr-dn]['hɑ?dn] v. (使)变硬；(使)坚强

Bonds between starches and proteins (from the flour and egg) are more mobile with more heat.【译】淀粉和蛋白质（存在于面粉和鸡蛋中的）的混合物随着受热会更软更加容易流动。【单词】Bonds 原型：bond [bond][b?nd] n. 结合；协定；联系；情谊；黏合剂【单词】starches 原型：starch [stahrch][stɑ?t?] n. 淀粉【单词】proteins 原型：protein ['proh-teen, -tee-in]['pr??ti?n] n. 蛋白质【单词】flour [flouuh?r, 'flou-er]['fla??] n. 面粉；粉末【单词】egg [eg][eɡ] n. 蛋；蛋形物【单词】mobile ['moh-buh?l, -bahyl]['m??ba?l] adj. 移动的；易变的；活动的【单词】heat [heet][hi?t] n. 热度；热

Steam is released as the cookie cools so there is less moisture content.【译】当饼干冷却时，蒸汽会释放出来，这样水分含量就少了。【单词】Steam 原型：steam [steem][sti?m] n. 蒸汽；水汽【单词】released 原型：release [ri-'lees][r?'li?s] vt. 释放【单词】moisture ['mois-cher]['m??st??] n. 水分；潮气；湿度【单词】content ['kon-tent][k?n'tent] n. 内容，目录；满足；容量

Chocolate chunks also resolidify.【译】巧克力块也会化了后重新凝结。【单词】Chocolate 原型：chocolate ['chaw-kuh-lit]['t??kl?t] n. 巧克力【单词】chunks 原型：chunk [chuhngk][t???k] n. 厚块（片）；相当大的量

Basically, the cookie becomes more viscous/solid in the way that everything else becomes more viscous/solid as it cools.【译】一般来说，饼干像其他大多数东西一样，在冷却时变得更粘稠/更瓷实。【单词】Basically 原型：basically 副词 ['bey-sik-lee]['be?s?kli] adv. 基本上；主要地

Since this has been a point of confusion for like half the people I know, including myself, I feel honor-bound to point out that viscosity is resistance to flow.【译】因为这对我认识的一半人来说都是一个困惑，包括我自己，我觉得有必要指出粘稠性就是对流动的阻力。【单词】confusion [kuhn-'fyoo-zhuhn][k?n'fju???n] n. 惶惑；混淆；混乱；不确定状态【单词】honor-bound ['on-er-'bound]['?n?rb'a?nd] adj. 为了荣誉而不得不这样做的，义不容辞，在道义上必须【单词】viscosity [vi-'skos-i-tee][v?'sk?s?ti] n. 粘度；粘性【单词】resistance [ri-'zis-tuhns][r?'z?st?ns] n. 抵抗；抵触；反对；阻力【单词】flow [floh][fl??] vi. 流动；涌出

A more viscous liquid flows slower than a less viscous one.【译】更粘稠的液体比粘稠度小的液体流动起来更慢。【单词】viscous ['vis-kuhs]['v?sk?s] adj. 粘的；粘性的【单词】liquid ['lik-wid]['l?kw?d] n. 液体【单词】slower 原型：slow 形容词比较级 [sloh][sl??] adj. 慢的 adv. 慢慢地 v. 放慢；减速

Almost everything becomes more viscous as it cools.【译】几乎所有的东西都会随着冷却变得更粘稠。

Honey is more viscous than water.【译】蜂蜜就比水粘稠。【单词】Honey 原型：honey ['huhn-ee]['h?ni] n. 蜂蜜

The heat is making the water go to steam which is what makes the cookie spread.【译】加热使水变成蒸汽，这就是饼干散开的原因。【单词】steam [steem][sti?m] n. 蒸汽；水汽；蒸汽动力；轮船 v. 蒸；冒热气；行驶；<口>发怒【单词】spread [spred][spred] v. 传播；展开；散布；铺开；伸展；涂撒

This also has a hand in the structure of the cookie.【译】这也与饼干的结构有关。

When it cools the water evaporates, some of it anyway, and shifts away from is gaseous form and let's the cookie set up.【译】当它冷却的时候，至少一部分水分会蒸发，它会从气态转化，从而让饼干成型。【单词】evaporates 原型：evaporate [ih-'vap-uh-reyt][?'v?p?re?t] v. 蒸发；失去水分；消失【单词】anyway ['en-ee-wey]['eniwe?] adv. 不管怎样；无论如何【单词】shifts 原型：shift [shift][??ft] v. 移动；改变；转换【单词】gaseous ['gas-ee-uhs, 'gash-uhs]['ɡ?si?s] adj. 气体的；气态的；似气体的；无实质的

It's the same with breads or cakes.【译】面包或蛋糕也是一样。【单词】cakes 原型：cake [keyk][ke?k] n. 蛋糕；块状物

I have a mechanical engineering degree, so um…【译】我有一个机械工程的学位，所以。。。【单词】mechanical [muh-'kan-i-kuhl][m?'k?n?kl] adj. 机械的；力学的

【单词】engineering 原型：engineer [en-juh-'neer][?end??'n??] n. 工程师；机(械)师 vt. 设计；建造【单词】um 语气词 int. 嗯

I understand steel pretty well, and I think heating/cooling steel is similar to cookies.【译】我对钢铁很了解，我认为加热/冷却钢铁和饼干很相似。【语法】be similar to … 表示“和……相似”，例句：His problem is similar to yours. 他的问题和你的相似。【单词】steel [steel][sti?l] n. 钢铁；钢制品【单词】pretty ['prit-ee]['pr?ti] adv. 相当地

Sometimes we "heat treat" steel.【译】有时我们“热处理”钢。【单词】treat [treet][tri?t] v. 对待；视为；处理

This applies thermal energy to the substance and causes a phase shift in the phase diagram of steel, based on temperature and carbon amount.【译】这将热能应用到物质中，并根据温度和碳量在钢的相图中引起相移。【单词】applies 原型：apply [uh-'plahy][?'pla?] vt. 应用；涂；使专心从事 vi. 申请；有关联【单词】thermal ['thur-muhl]['θ??ml] adj. 热的；热量的；保热的【单词】substance ['suhb-stuhns]['s?bst?ns] n. 实质；物质；内容【单词】phase [feyz][fe?z] n. 相位；方面；局面；阶段；时期【单词】diagram ['dahy-uh-gram]['da??ɡr?m] n. 图解；图表【单词】based on 基于【单词】temperature ['tem-per-uh-cher]['tempr?t??] n. 气温；体温；温度【单词】carbon ['kahr-buhn]['kɑ?b?n] n. 碳

In the end, the steel can become stronger, more flexible, more machinable, the steel basically improves in every characteristic just by being heated and cooled back to normal.【译】最终，钢可以变得更坚固、更灵活、更易加工，钢的每一个特性基本上都得到了改善，只要加热然后冷却到正常状态。【单词】flexible ['flek-suh-buhl]['fleks?bl] adj. 柔韧的；灵活的；易弯曲的；可变通的【单词】machinable [muh-'shee-nuh-buhl][m?'?i?n?bl] adj. 可切削的【单词】basically ['bey-sik-lee]['be?s?kli] adv. 基本上；主要地【单词】improves 原型：improve [im-'proov][?m'pru?v] vt. 改善；改进；提高 vi. 变得更好；改进【单词】characteristic [kar-ik-tuh-'ris-tik][?k?r?kt?'r?st?k] n. 特点；特性；特色

However, with baking, or toasting bread, we add in new factors like moisture and oxygen quantity.【译】然而，在烘烤或烘烤面包时，我们会添加一些新的要素，比如水分和氧气量。【单词】baking 原型：bake [beyk][be?k] v. 烤；烘焙；烘干【单词】toasting 原型：toast [tohst][t??st] v. 烤；烘【单词】factors 原型：factor ['fak-ter]['f?kt?] n. 因素；因数；因子 vt. 把 … 因素包括进去 vi. 作为因素【单词】oxygen ['ok-si-juhn]['?ks?d??n] n. 氧；氧气【单词】quantity ['kwon-ti-tee]['kw?nt?ti] n. 量；数量；大量

Since moisture likes to reside in baked goods, we may dry the subject.【译】由于烘烤食品中含有水分，所以我们可能会设法弄干它。【单词】reside [ri-'zahyd][r?'za?d] vi. 居住；属于；存在【单词】dry [drahy][dra?] v. （使）变干

Furthermore, the oxygen may form a reaction with the surface of the subject.【译】此外，氧气可能与物体表面形成反应。【单词】Furthermore 原型：furthermore 副词 ['fur-ther-mawr, -mohr][?f??e?'m??] adv. 而且；此外【单词】reaction [ree-'ak-shuh?n][ri'?k?n] n. 反应；生理反应；反应能力；化学反应【单词】surface ['sur-fis]['s??f?s] n. 表面；外表；平面

Finally, the temperature will execute a phase transformation, depending on quantity of materials present in the reaction as well as temperature and exposure time.【译】最后，温度将执行相变，这取决于反应中存在的材料数量以及温度和暴露时间。【单词】execute ['ek-si-kyoot]['eks?kju?t] vt. 执行；实行；完成【单词】transformation [trans-fer-'mey-shuhn][?tr?nsf?'me??n] n. 转型；转化；改造【单词】depending 原型：depend [dih-'pend][d?'pend] vi. 依赖；依靠；取决于【单词】exposure [ik-'spoh-zher][?k'sp????] n. 暴露；揭露；胶片；曝光时间

Sugar harden.【译】糖会变硬。【单词】Sugar 原型：sugar ['shoo?g-er]['??ɡ?] n. 糖，食糖【单词】harden ['hahr-dn]['hɑ?dn] v. (使)变硬；(使)坚强

Other factor (fat, chocolate, steam) can also play a role, but in my experience "standard" American cookies harden fast due to the high sugar content of the recipe.【译】其他要素（油脂、巧克力、蒸汽）也能起作用，但以我的经验来看是因为“标准”的美式曲奇饼干中的糖分含量很高，所以很快就变硬了。【单词】role [rohl][r??l] n. 作用；任务；角色

【短语】due to 多数表示“由于；因为”。如：This accident was due to his careless driving．同时，due 与to 单配，还可以表示“付给某人”，如：Respect is due to older people.【单词】recipe ['res-uh-pee]['res?pi] n. 秘诀；食谱；药方

This is the correct answer.【译】这是正确的答案。【单词】correct [kuh-'rekt][k?'rekt] adj. 正确的；得体的

The fats are still too hot to solidify like others are saying.【译】（拿出烤箱几分钟的时间）对油脂来说仍然太热，不能像别人说的那样就凝固了。【固定用法】too…to…结构的基本形式为“too＋adj./adv.+to do”，其意为“太……以至于不能……”。有时不定式前可以带有一个由介词for引导的逻辑主语，如：This question is too difficult for Tom to answer.【单词】solidify [suh-'lid-uh-fahy][s?'l?d?fa?] v. 变固体；凝固；变坚硬